专栏：云原生 & DevOps
难度：进阶
标签：GitOpsArgoCDGitHub ActionsK8s自动化部署
前言
GitOps 的核心思想：Git 是唯一事实来源，所有变更都通过 Git PR 触发。本文实现一套完整的 GitOps 流水线。
一、架构设计
开发者 push 代码 ↓ GitHub Actions（CI） - 构建镜像 - 推送到 Registry - 更新 GitOps 仓库中的镜像 tag ↓ ArgoCD（CD） - 监控 GitOps 仓库变化 - 自动同步到 K8s 集群二、安装 ArgoCD
kubectl create namespace argocd kubectl apply-nargocd-f\https://raw.githubusercontent.com/argoproj/argo-cd/stable/manifests/install.yaml# 等待Pod就绪kubectlwait--for=condition=available\deployment/argocd-server-nargocd--timeout=300s# 获取初始密码kubectl-nargocd get secret argocd-initial-admin-secret\-ojsonpath="{.data.password}"|base64-d# 暴露UI（开发用）kubectl port-forward svc/argocd-server-nargocd8080:443三、创建 ArgoCD Application
# argocd-app.yamlapiVersion:argoproj.io/v1alpha1kind:Applicationmetadata:name:myapp-productionnamespace:argocdspec:project:defaultsource:repoURL:https://github.com/yourorg/gitops-configs.gittargetRevision:mainpath:apps/myapp/overlays/productiondestination:server:https://kubernetes.default.svcnamespace:productionsyncPolicy:automated:prune:true# 自动删除Git中不存在的资源selfHeal:true# 检测到集群状态与Git不符时自动修复syncOptions:-CreateNamespace=true四、GitHub Actions 工作流
# .github/workflows/ci-cd.ymlname:CI/CD Pipelineon:push:branches:[main]pull_request:branches:[main]env:REGISTRY:ghcr.ioIMAGE_NAME:${{github.repository}}GITOPS_REPO:yourorg/gitops-configsjobs:build-and-push:runs-on:ubuntu-latestoutputs:image-tag:${{steps.meta.outputs.version}}steps:-uses:actions/checkout@v4-name:Docker metaid:metauses:docker/metadata-action@v5with:images:${{env.REGISTRY}}/${{env.IMAGE_NAME}}tags:|type=sha,prefix=,suffix=,format=short-name:Build and pushuses:docker/build-push-action@v5with:push:${{github.event_name!='pull_request'}}tags:${{steps.meta.outputs.tags}}update-gitops:needs:build-and-pushif:github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'runs-on:ubuntu-lateststeps:-uses:actions/checkout@v4with:repository:${{env.GITOPS_REPO}}token:${{secrets.GITOPS_TOKEN}}-name:Update image tagrun:|cd apps/myapp/overlays/production sed -i "s|newTag:.*|newTag: ${{ needs.build-and-push.outputs.image-tag }}|" kustomization.yaml-name:Commit and pushrun:|git config user.email "ci@example.com" git config user.name "CI Bot" git add . git commit -m "ci: update myapp to ${{ needs.build-and-push.outputs.image-tag }}" git push五、回滚操作
# 通过ArgoCD UI或命令行回滚argocd apphistorymyapp-production argocd app rollback myapp-production<REVISION># 或者通过Git回滚（推荐，有记录）gitrevert HEADgitpush结语：GitOps 最大的价值是审计性——所有变更都有 Git 记录，随时可以追溯谁在什么时候改了什么。这对于合规要求高的场景非常重要。