安装前准备系统要求Linux: 64位系统内核版本3.10以上macOS: 10.15或更高版本Windows: Windows 10/11 专业版、企业版或教育版检查虚拟化支持# Linux检查 grep -E svm|vmx /proc/cpuinfo # Windows检查 systeminfo | find Hyper-V安装Linux系统安装Ubuntu/Debian (推荐方式)# 1. 卸载旧版本 sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc # 2. 更新包索引 sudo apt-get update # 3. 安装依赖 sudo apt-get install \ ca-certificates \ curl \ gnupg \ lsb-release # 4. 添加Docker官方GPG密钥 sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg # 5. 设置仓库 echo \ deb [arch$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \ $(lsb_release -cs) stable | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list /dev/null # 6. 安装Docker Engine sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin # 7. 启动Docker sudo systemctl start docker sudo systemctl enable docker # 8. 验证安装 sudo docker run hello-worldCentOS/RHEL/Fedora# 1. 卸载旧版本 sudo yum remove docker docker-client docker-client-latest docker-common \ docker-latest docker-latest-logrotate docker-logrotate docker-engine # 2. 安装依赖 sudo yum install -y yum-utils # 3. 添加Docker仓库 sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo # 4. 安装Docker sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin # 5. 启动Docker sudo systemctl start docker sudo systemctl enable docker # 6. 验证 sudo docker run hello-world非root用户运行Docker# 创建docker用户组 sudo groupadd docker # 将当前用户加入docker组 sudo usermod -aG docker $USER # 重新登录使权限生效 newgrp docker # 测试无需sudo docker run hello-worldCentOS旧版本升级先安装1.7.1版本1、内核必须3.10以上uname -r 查看自行升级docker 下载地址Index of linux/static/stable/x86_64/2、配置yum 库tee /etc/yum.repos.d/docker.repo -EOF [dockerrepo] nameDocker Repository baseurlhttps://yum.dockerproject.org/repo/main/centos/$releasever/ enabled1 gpgcheck1 gpgkeyhttps://yum.dockerproject.org/gpg EOF3、安装dockeryum install docker-enginedocker version 查看安装是否成功此处安装的为1.7.1版本升级 docker 1.9#下载1.9.1然后替换curl -sSL -O https://get.docker.com/builds/Linux/x86_64/docker-1.9.1chmod x docker-1.9.1mv docker-1.9.1 /usr/bin/dockerservice docker restartsystemctl daemon-reload systemctl enable docker systemctl restart dockerdocker version # version: 1.9.1查看docker 运行状态systemctl status docker|grep Active检查 docker0 状况docker info升级 docker 1.17.12下载安装包Index of linux/static/stable/x86_64/tar -zxvf docker-1.17.12.tar.gz /dev/null cp docker/docker* /usr/bin/ chmod ax /usr/bin/docker*遇到问题记录error initializing graphdriver: driver not supported在 /etc/docker 目录下创建daemon.json文件并且加入以下配置touch daemon.json vi daemon.json { storage-driver: overlay2, storage-opts: [ overlay2.override_kernel_checktrue ]删除某个 Tagdocker images|grep errorTag |awk {print $1:$2}|xargs docker rmiError starting daemon: Error initializing network controller: list bridge addresses failed: no available network先添加docker0ip link add name docker0 type bridge ip addr add dev docker0 172.17.0.1/16 ip addrmacOS安装使用Docker Desktop推荐下载安装包访问 Docker官网选择对应芯片版本Apple Silicon (M1/M2/M3):Docker.dmg for Apple ChipIntel芯片:Docker.dmg for Intel Chip安装步骤# 双击下载的.dmg文件 # 将Docker图标拖入Applications文件夹 # 启动Docker Desktop应用3.验证安装docker --version docker run hello-world使用Homebrew安装# 安装Docker brew install --cask docker # 启动Docker Desktop open /Applications/Docker.app # 验证 docker --versionWindows安装使用Docker Desktop for Windows前提条件# 1. 启用WSL2Windows Subsystem for Linux wsl --install # 2. 启用虚拟化功能 dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart # 3. 重启电脑安装步骤下载 Docker Desktop for Windows运行安装程序安装时勾选 Use WSL 2 instead of Hyper-V完成后重启验证安装# PowerShell或CMD docker --version docker run hello-world # 在WSL2中测试 wsl docker run hello-world安装后配置1. 配置镜像加速器中国大陆用户# 创建/编辑 daemon.json sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json -EOF { registry-mirrors: [ https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn, https://hub-mirror.c.163.com ], log-driver: json-file, log-opts: { max-size: 10m, max-file: 3 } } EOF # 重启Docker sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl restart docker2. 安装Docker Compose# Linux macOS sudo curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/latest/download/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose sudo chmod x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose # 验证 docker-compose --version3. 设置开机自启动# Linux sudo systemctl enable docker sudo systemctl enable containerd # 检查状态 sudo systemctl status docker验证安装完整性# 1. 检查版本 docker --version docker-compose --version # 2. 查看Docker信息 docker info # 3. 运行测试容器 docker run hello-world # 4. 测试基本命令 docker pull nginx:alpine docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name test-nginx nginx:alpine curl http://localhost:8080 # 5. 清理测试 docker stop test-nginx docker rm test-nginx
