scheme的画家问题

本节是一个语言实例，通过一种图形语言展示数据抽象和闭包。
我们对一副图像（或者说画）的操作很难涉及到图像内部的东西，因此我们可以将这副图像视作一个过程，我们在不对该过程本身进行操作情况下也可以影响该过程。
练习2.44

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;在原有图像上方生成两个一样的图像
(define (up-split painter n)(if (= n 0)painter(let ((smaller (up-solit painter (- n 1))))(below painter (besider smaller smaller)))))

练习2.46

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(define (make-vect xcor ycor)(cons xcor ycor))
(define (add-vect v1 v2)(cons ( + (car v1) (car v2))( + (cdr v1) (cdr v2))))
(define (sub-vect v1 v2)(cons ( - (car v1) (car v2))( - (cdr v1) (cdr v2))))
(define (scale-vect s v1)(cons ( * s (car v1))( * s (cdr v1))))

练习2.47

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(define (make-frame-1 origin edge1 edge2)(list origin edge1 edge2))
(define (origin-frame frame)(car frame))
(define (edge1-frame frame)(cadr frame))
(define (edge2-frame frame)(cadr (cdr frame)))

练习2.48

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(define (make-segment start end)(cons start end))
(define (start-segment s)(car s))
(define (end-segment s)(cdr s))

练习2.49

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(define frame-painter(segments->painter list (make-segment (make-vect 0 0)(make-vect 0 1))(make-segment (make-vect 0 0)(make-vect 1 0))(make-segment (make-vect 0 1)(make-vect 1 1))(make-segment (make-vect 1 0)(make-vect 1 1))))
(define cross-painter(list (make-segment (make-vect 0 0)(make-vect 1 1))(make-segment (make-vect 0 1)(make-vect 1 0))))
(define diamond-painter(segments->painter list (make-segment (make-vect 0 0.5)(make-vect 0.5 1))(make-segment (make-vect 0.5 1)(make-vect 1 0.5))(make-segment (make-vect 0.5 0)(make-vect 1 0.5))(make-segment (make-vect 0.5 0)(make-vect 0 0.5))))

练习2.51

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(define (below painter1 painter2)(let ((spilt-point (make-vect 0.0 0.5)))(let ((paint-up(transform-painter painter1spilt-pointer(make-vect 1.0 0.5)(make-vect 0.0 1.0)))(paint-down(transform-painter painter2(make-vect 0.0 0.0)spilt-pointer(make-vect 0.0 1.0))))(lambda(frame) (paint-up frame)(paint-down frame)))))
(define (beside-2 painter1 painter2)(rotate90 (beside (rotate270 painter1) (rotate270 painter2))))

练习2.52 强健设计的语言层次（分层设计） a）给wave加上一个笑脸 wave写起来太麻烦了，我选择放过他 b）修改corner-split的构造模式 原有的：

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(define (corner-split painter n)(if (= n 0)painter(let ((up (up-split painter (- n 1)))(right (right-split painter (- n 1))))(let ((top-left (beside up up))(bottom-right (below right right))(corner (corner-split painter (- n 1))))(beside (below painter top-left)(below bottom-right corner))))))

修改后：

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(define (corner-split painter n)(if (= n 0)painter(let ((up (up-split painter (- n 1)))(right (right-split painter (- n 1)))(corner (corner-split painter (- n 1))))(beside (below painter up)(below right corner)))))

c） 修改square-limit，换一种使用square-of-four的方式，以另一种不同模式组合起各个角区。

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(define (square-of-four tl tr bl br)(lambda (painter)(let ((top (beside (tl painter) (tr painter))))((bottom (beside (bl painter) (br painter))))(below bottom top))))
(define (square-limit painter n)(let ((combine4 (square-of-four idenity flip-horizflip-vert rotate180)))(combine4 (corner-split painter n))))