You would see mountains and valleys if you looked at the Moon through a telescope.
如果你通过望远镜观察月球，你会看到山脉和山谷。
If you looked at the planet Jupiter, you would see its moons.
如果你观察木星这颗行星，你会看到它的卫星。
Galileo was the first person to see these things through a telescope.
伽利略是第一个通过望远镜看到这些现象的人。
Galileo did not invent the telescope. It was first made by a Dutch lensmaker.
伽利略并没有发明望远镜。它最早是由一位荷兰的镜片制造商发明的。
But Galileo improved the design so he was able to study the stars and planets closely.
但是伽利略改进了设计，使得他能够近距离研究星星和行星。
Some people call him the first astronomer.
有些人称他为第一位天文学家。
As he studied the sky, Galileo found proof that the planets orbit around the Sun.
在研究天空时，伽利略发现了行星围绕太阳运行的证据。
He was not the first person to believe this, but he was the first to prove that it was true.
他不是第一个相信这个理论的人，但他是第一个证明它正确的人。
People of that time believed that Earth was the centre of the universe and everything in space moved around Earth.
当时人们相信地球是宇宙的中心，一切天体都围绕地球运转。
Galileo got into trouble with the government and the church for saying that what they believed was wrong.
伽利略因说他们的信仰是错误的而与政府和教会发生了冲突。
He had to take back what he said or else he would have gone to jail.
他不得不收回自己的言论，否则他就会入狱。
Galileo was more than an astronomer. He was an inventor as well.
伽利略不仅仅是天文学家，他还是一位发明家。
He invented the first thermometer.
他发明了第一台温度计。
His thermometer did not measure exact temperatures, but it did show if a temperature was higher or lower or the same as another temperature.
他的温度计无法测量精确的温度，但它能显示一个温度是否比另一个温度高、低或相同。
He invented a compass that was used for aiming cannonballs shot out of a cannon.
他发明了一种用于瞄准大炮发射炮弹的指南针。
Later the compass was used to survey land.
后来，这种指南针被用来进行土地测量。
He invented a device that used a horse and buckets to raise water.
他发明了一种使用马和水桶来提水的装置。
This was used for irrigation.
这个装置用于灌溉。
Galileo thought about the world in a new way.
伽利略用一种新的方式看待世界。
Before Galileo, people did not run experiments or test their ideas.
在伽利略之前，人们并不进行实验或测试他们的想法。
It was enough just to think about ideas.
仅仅思考这些想法就足够了。
Galileo wanted to try out his ideas and see if they worked in the world.
伽利略想要试验自己的想法，看看它们是否在现实世界中奏效。
Galileo was one of the first real scientists.
伽利略是最早的真正的科学家之一。
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You would see mountains and valleys if you looked at the Moon through a telescope.If you looked at the planet Jupiter, you would see its moons. Galileo was the first person to see these things through a telescope.
Galileo did not invent the telescope. It was first made by a Dutch lensmaker. But Galileo improved the design so he was able to study the stars and planets closely.Some people call him the first astronomer.
As he studied the sky, Galileo found proof that the planets orbit around the Sun. He was not the first person to, believe this, but he was the first to prove that it was true. People of that time believed that Earth was the centre of the universe and everything in space moved around Earth. Galileo got into trouble with the government and the church for saying that what they believed was wrong. He had to take back the unknown what he said or else he would have gone to jail.
Galileo was more than an astronomer, He was an inventor as well. He invented the first thermometre, His thermometre did not measure exact temperatures, but it did show if a temperature was higher or lower or the same as another temperature, He invented a compass that was used for aiming cannonballs shot out of a cannon. Later the compass was used to survey land.
He invented a device that used a horse and buckets to raise water, This was used for irigation. Galileo thought about the world in a new way. Before Galileo, people did not run experiments or test their ideas. It was enough just to think about ideas, Galileo wanted to try out his ideas and see if they worked in the world.Galileo was one of the first real scientists.