https://kotlinlang.org/docs/coroutines-overview.html
协程是作为三方库进行提供的，类似 javax
<properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><kotlin.code.style>official</kotlin.code.style><kotlin.compiler.jvmTarget>1.8</kotlin.compiler.jvmTarget><coroutines.version>1.7.3</coroutines.version><kotlin.version>2.2.0</kotlin.version>
</properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId><artifactId>kotlin-test-junit5</artifactId><version>2.2.0</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId><artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId><version>5.10.0</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><!-- Kotlin 标准库 --><dependency><groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId><artifactId>kotlin-stdlib</artifactId><version>${kotlin.version}</version></dependency><!-- Kotlin 协程核心 --><dependency><groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlinx</groupId><artifactId>kotlinx-coroutines-core</artifactId><version>${coroutines.version}</version></dependency><!-- Kotlin 协程 JDK8 支持 --><dependency><groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlinx</groupId><artifactId>kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8</artifactId><version>${coroutines.version}</version></dependency><!-- 测试依赖 --><dependency><groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlinx</groupId><artifactId>kotlinx-coroutines-test</artifactId><version>${coroutines.version}</version><scope>test</scope></dependency>
</dependencies>
基本使用
协程的创建和执行流程
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协程创建：通过 launch 或 async 创建协程
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调度器分配：根据指定的调度器决定执行线程
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挂起函数调用：遇到挂起函数时保存当前状态
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线程释放：挂起时释放线程，供其他协程使用
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恢复执行：挂起操作完成后恢复协程执行
launch - 不需要返回结果
import kotlinx.coroutines.Job
import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlockingfun main() = runBlocking {val job: Job = launch {// 协程体delay(1000L)println("World!")}println("Hello,")job.join() // 等待协程完成
}
async - 需要返回结果
import kotlinx.coroutines.Deferred
import kotlinx.coroutines.async
import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlockingfun main() = runBlocking {val deferred: Deferred<Int> = async {// 执行计算并返回结果delay(1000L)42}val result = deferred.await() // 等待并获取结果println("Result: $result") // 42
}
runBlocking - 桥接阻塞代码和协程
import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlockingfun main() {runBlocking {// 在这个块内，协程会阻塞当前线程launch {delay(1000L)println("Inside runBlocking")}}println("After runBlocking")
}
协程作用域 CoroutineScope
协程上下文 CoroutineContext
import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineName
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.SupervisorJob
import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlockingfun main() = runBlocking {// 自定义上下文val customContext = Dispatchers.IO + CoroutineName("MyCoroutine") + SupervisorJob()launch(customContext) {println("Running in thread: ${Thread.currentThread().name}")println("Coroutine name: ${coroutineContext[CoroutineName]?.name}")}.join()
}
挂起函数 Suspend Functions
使用 suspend 关键字修饰的函数即为挂起函数
suspend fun myFunc()
调度器 Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.withContextsuspend fun demonstrateDispatchers() {// Dispatchers.Main - Android主线程withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {// 更新UI}// Dispatchers.IO - 用于磁盘和网络IOwithContext(Dispatchers.IO) {// 文件操作、网络请求}// Dispatchers.Default - 用于CPU密集型任务withContext(Dispatchers.Default) {// 复杂计算、排序、处理大量数据}// Dispatchers.Unconfined - 不限制在任何特定线程withContext(Dispatchers.Unconfined) {// 在调用者线程开始，在恢复时的线程继续}
}
异常处理
通道 (Channel) 和流 (Flow)
Channel - 协程间的通信
import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.Channel
import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlockingfun main(): Unit = runBlocking {val channel = Channel<Int>()// 生产者launch {for (x in 1..5) {channel.send(x * x)delay(100L)}channel.close() // 关闭通道}// 消费者launch {for (y in channel) {println("Received: $y")}}
}
Flow - 异步数据流
import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.Flow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableSharedFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableStateFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.SharedFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asSharedFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asStateFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.filter
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.flow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.mapclass FlowExample {fun simpleFlow(): Flow<Int> = flow {// 流构建器for (i in 1..3) {delay(100L)emit(i) // 发射值}}suspend fun collectFlow() {simpleFlow().map { it * it } // 转换.filter { it % 2 != 0 } // 过滤.collect { value -> // 收集println("Collected: $value")}}// 状态流private val _state = MutableStateFlow(0)val state: StateFlow<Int> = _state.asStateFlow()// 共享流private val _events = MutableSharedFlow<Int>()val events: SharedFlow<Int> = _events.asSharedFlow()
}
结构化并发
import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
import kotlinx.coroutines.Job
import kotlinx.coroutines.cancel
import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
import kotlinx.coroutines.launchfun structuredConcurrencyExample() {val scope = CoroutineScope(Job())scope.launch {// 父协程launch {// 子协程1delay(1000L)println("Child 1 completed")}launch {// 子协程2delay(2000L)println("Child 2 completed")}}// 取消父协程会自动取消所有子协程Thread.sleep(500L)scope.cancel() // 所有子协程都会被取消
}