一、实验环境![]()
二、实验步骤
安装ansible
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname ansible [root@localhost ~]# bash [root@ansible ~]# yum install epel-release -y [root@ansible ~]# yum install ansible -y添加主机清单
[root@ansible ~]# cd /etc/ansible/ [root@ansible ansible]# ls ansible.cfg hosts roles [root@ansible ansible]# vim hosts [webservers] ##添加到最后一行 192.168.52.209 192.168.52.197配置公私钥
[root@ansible ~]# ssh-keygen Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/root/.ssh'. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:LPYTI56Y4SDp+SC6GkYrMoXCx1PhftoIvs3AM6iwtc4 root@localhost.localdomain The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 2048]----+ | . | | . . | | o | |.o. o . | |=oo=..+.S | |+oBoo*== o | |BB.*+oo.o | |O*o.B . | |BoEo o | +----[SHA256]-----+ [root@ansible ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.52.210 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" The authenticity of host '192.168.52.210 (192.168.52.210)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:nryK+/NCYC3BMKWWs5x2gbYTOXHh1XQfrA1hIak57bQ. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:b4:f5:03:a7:f0:2c:48:5e:c8:26:b0:eb:c2:c3:37:45. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@192.168.115.109's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.52.210'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. [root@ansible ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.52.210 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" The authenticity of host '192.168.52.210 (192.168.52.210)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:Nc4WQ6E4MwaQD/67ALzZ36hjNRigxQSUiDa2ZP5ZT+o. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:f7:33:08:60:92:d5:99:2c:9e:fe:47:5a:63:c8:e5:a8. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@192.168.52.210's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.52.210'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.下载Nginx源码
使用
get_url模块从Nginx官网下载源码包到目标主机的临时目录（如/tmp）。- name: download nginx get_url: url: "http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz" # 可替换为最新版本URL dest: /tmp/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz # 指定下载路径
此步骤确保源码包被安全下载
安装编译依赖包
使用yum模块安装必需的工具链，包括编译器（gcc）和库（openssl-devel、pcre-devel）。
- name: install gcc and dependencies yum: name: "{{ packages }}" state: present vars: packages: - openssl-devel - pcre-devel - gcc解压源码包
使用shell模块解压下载的源码包到临时目录。
- name: extract nginx tarball shell: | cd /tmp tar -xf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz解压后源码位于/tmp/nginx-1.18.0
创建Nginx系统用户
为安全运行Nginx，使用user模块创建专用用户（无登录权限）
- name: create nginx user user: name: nginx state: present shell: /sbin/nologin # 禁止登录编译并安装Nginx
使用shell模块执行configure、make和make install。此处添加常用编译选项（如状态模块）
- name: compile and install nginx shell: | cd /tmp/nginx-1.18.0 ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-http_stub_status_module # 启用状态监控 make make install此步骤将Nginx安装到/usr/local/nginx
配置Systemd服务
创建systemd服务文件（确保Nginx开机自启），使用copy模块生成文件
- name: create nginx systemd service copy: dest: /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service # 服务文件路径 content: | [Unit] Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server After=network.target [Service] Type=forking ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx # 启动命令 ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target启用并启动Nginx服务
重载systemd配置，并启用服务。
- name: reload systemd daemon command: systemctl daemon-reload become: yes # 需要root权限 - name: enable and start nginx service: name: nginx state: started enabled: yes三、创建playbook
创建剧本
vim nginx.yaml添加
- hosts: webservers # 目标主机组，需在Ansible清单中定义 become: yes # 使用root权限 tasks: - name: download nginx get_url: url: "http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz" dest: /tmp/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz - name: install gcc and dependencies yum: name: "{{ packages }}" state: present vars: packages: - openssl-devel - pcre-devel - gcc - name: extract nginx tarball shell: | cd /tmp tar -xf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz - name: create nginx user user: name: nginx state: present shell: /sbin/nologin - name: compile and install nginx shell: | cd /tmp/nginx-1.18.0 ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-http_stub_status_module make make install - name: create nginx systemd service copy: dest: /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service content: | [Unit] Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server After=network.target [Service] Type=forking ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target - name: reload systemd daemon command: systemctl daemon-reload - name: enable and start nginx service: name: nginx state: started enabled: yes