由于docker安装的oracle 12c有很多莫名其妙的bug，很多正常的SQL被它报错，比如：
SYS@lhrcdb1> @/par/day9.sql where case when s.sid>s.cnt-2 then s.sid+2-s.cnt else s.sid+2 end=s1.sid * ERROR at line 24: ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected基本无法使用。所以又重新拉取了oracle 19c的镜像，在建立容器的时候，遇到一些问题。
记录如下：
- 拉取oracle 19c的镜像
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhuyijun/oracle:19c Trying to pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhuyijun/oracle:19c... Getting image source signatures Copying blob 67f2dfeb2f1b done Copying blob bce8f778fef0 done Copying blob 3fc3fd32c0bc done Copying blob 02948dd6d654 done Copying blob b94f01bb60c6 done Copying blob 2e42d8039fd9 done Copying config 7b5eb45976 done Writing manifest to image destination Storing signatures 7b5eb4597688552155896cfba326482bb1622a9d1727dbd12232f819a6266ba0 root@DESKTOP-59T6U68:/mnt/c/Users/lt# docker image list -a REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lhrbest/oracle_12cr2_ee_lhr_12.2.0.1 2.0 eb1a87913afe 5 years ago 16.2 GB registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhuyijun/oracle 19c 7b5eb4597688 5 years ago 6.64 GB注意两个镜像的大小，19c的反而更小，两者拉取的blob文件分别是5.6GB和2.6GB。
- 运行容器
第一次用了上次12c的同样命令行，结果出错了。
docker run -itd --name oracle19c \ --privileged=true \ --restart=always \ -p 1521:1521 \ -p 5500:5500 \ -p 5501:5501 \ -p 5522:22 \ -p 3389:3389 \ -v /mnt/c/d/oracle12g/ora_data:/par \ 7b5eb4597688 init 7c0cc5ea36052fac64413cf177d886792110b34d1d9200b0caf2618dc3b307cd root@DESKTOP-59T6U68:/mnt/c/Users/lt# docker exec -it oracle19c /bin/bash [oracle@7c0cc5ea3605 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Dec 21 11:13:10 2025 Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. ERROR: ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified Enter user-name: ^C[oracle@7c0cc5ea3605 ~]$查看环境变量没有ORACLE_SID。
[oracle@7c0cc5ea3605 ~]$ env ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1 container=podman INSTALL_DB_BINARIES_FILE=installDBBinaries.sh _=/usr/bin/env人工指定ORACLE_SID，也不行
[oracle@7c0cc5ea3605 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB [oracle@7c0cc5ea3605 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Dec 21 11:15:20 2025 Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/initORCLCDB.ora' SQL> Disconnected第二次使用了网上给出的命令行, 比第一次强，实例起来了，但是建表出错，然后丢失连接。
docker run -d -p 1521:1521 -p 5502:5500 -e ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB -e ORACLE_PDB=ORCLPDB -e ORACLE_PWD=oracle -e ORACLE_EDITION=standard -e ORACLE_CHARACTERSET=AL32UTF8 -v /mnt/c/d/oracle12g/ora_data:/par --name oracle19c 7b5eb4597688 318bd09d0a35d914b9a0a32911f776c2d2dc7c78e34a625ee952212d111fe1fc root@DESKTOP-59T6U68:/mnt/c/Users/lt# docker exec -it oracle19c /bin/bash [oracle@318bd09d0a35 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Dec 21 11:23:15 2025 Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Standard Edition 2 Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Version 19.3.0.0.0 SQL> show sga; Total System Global Area 3137338784 bytes Fixed Size 9141664 bytes Variable Size 654311424 bytes Database Buffers 2466250752 bytes Redo Buffers 7634944 bytes SQL> create table day9 as select 1 id,7 x,1 y from dual union all select 2,11,1 from dual union all select 3,11,7 from dual union all select 4,9,7 from dual union all select 5,9,5 from dual union all select 6,2,5 from dual union all select 7,2,3 from dual union all 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 select 8,7,3 from dual ; create table day9 as * ERROR at line 1: ORA-03135: connection lost contact Process ID: 604 Session ID: 733 Serial number: 61391 SQL> show sga; ERROR: ORA-03114: not connected to ORACLE然后折腾了很久，停止容器，重启都用了，都连不上。
然后看到了这篇文章, 里面提到很重要的一点是，
2.4 查看安装过程 执行运行命令后，可以马上执行日志查看命令。创建实例的过程会比较长，请耐心等待。 docker logs -ft oracle19c执行docker logs -ft oracle19c在日志中看到一个明显的出错信息
2025-12-21T19:29:57.196716000+08:00 ########### E R R O R ############### 2025-12-21T19:29:57.197027000+08:00 DATABASE SETUP WAS NOT SUCCESSFUL! 2025-12-21T19:29:57.197120000+08:00 Please check output for further info! 2025-12-21T19:29:57.197450000+08:00 ########### E R R O R ###############联想到刚才的镜像大小，明白了，这两个镜像的内容不同，12c那个是安装完毕的，19c这个是未安装完的，所以刚才示例起来了是假象，实际还没创建完成，我中间的折腾破坏了安装过程，然后任何操作都出错。
再次关闭并删除错误的容器，重新运行刚才的docker run命令，并观察安装进度日志。
docker run -d -p 1521:1521 -p 5502:5500 -e ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB -e ORACLE_PDB=ORCLPDB -e ORACLE_PWD=oracle -e ORACLE_EDITION=standard -e ORACLE_CHARACTERSET=AL32UTF8 -v /mnt/c/d/oracle12g/ora_data:/par --name oracle19c 7b5eb4597688 113bf6abbd5961b60fcc7cee23eae34e7e29631a0e0dd3b721487b559e3dc423 docker logs -ft oracle19c 2025-12-21T20:26:30.510370000+08:00 ######################### 2025-12-21T20:26:30.511001000+08:00 DATABASE IS READY TO USE! 2025-12-21T20:26:30.511491000+08:00 ######################### ... 2025-12-21T20:26:30.517997000+08:00 ALTER SYSTEM SET local_listener='' SCOPE=BOTH; 2025-12-21T20:26:30.518364000+08:00 ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ORCLPDB SAVE STATE 2025-12-21T20:26:30.518899000+08:00 Completed: ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ORCLPDB SAVE STATE 2025-12-21T20:26:30.519175000+08:00 2025-12-21T20:26:30.519271000+08:00 XDB initialized.这个时候登录就没问题了。
root@DESKTOP-59T6U68:/mnt/c/Users/lt# docker exec -it oracle19c /bin/bash [oracle@113bf6abbd59 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Dec 21 12:30:18 2025 Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Standard Edition 2 Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Version 19.3.0.0.0 SQL> create table day9 as select 1 id,7 x,1 y from dual union all select 2,11,1 from dual union all select 3,11,7 from dual union all select 4,9,7 from dual union all select 5,9,5 from dual union all select 6,2,5 from dual union all select 7,2,3 from dual union all select 8,7,3 from dual ; Table created. SQL> @/par/day9.sql X1 Y1 X2 Y2 AREA ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 9 5 2 3 24创建表成功，12c中报错的SQL也成功返回结果了。