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thinkPHP配置邮箱发送邮件、验证码

thinkPHP配置邮箱发送邮件、验证码
📅 发布时间：2026/6/20 4:32:36

一、安装邮件驱动

composer require phpmailer/phpmailer
# 或使用 ThinkPHP 官方邮件库
composer require topthink/think-mailer

 

二、配置邮箱参数

1. 创建或者修改配置文件 config/mail.php

<?php
return [
// 默认使用的邮箱驱动
'default' => env('mail.driver', 'smtp'),

// SMTP 配置
'smtp' => [
// SMTP服务器地址
'host' => env('mail.host', 'smtp.qq.com'),
// 端口
'port' => env('mail.port', 465),
// 加密方式 ssl/tls
'encryption' => env('mail.encryption', 'ssl'),
// 邮箱账号
'username' => env('mail.username', ''),
// 邮箱密码或授权码
'password' => env('mail.password', ''),
// 发件人名称
'from_name' => env('mail.from_name', 'Your App Name'),
],

// 验证码配置
'code' => [
'expire' => 300, // 验证码有效期（秒）
'length' => 6, // 验证码长度
]
];

 

2. 在 .env文件中配置(配置的邮箱不同具体内容也不同)

例如谷歌邮箱、QQ邮箱、企业邮箱配置参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/youantianqin/p/18936653

[MAIL]
DRIVER = smtp
HOST = smtp.qq.com
PORT = 587
ENCRYPTION = tls
USERNAME = your_email@qq.com
PASSWORD = your_auth_code
FROM_NAME = Your App

 

三.创建邮件服务类app/service/MailService.php

<?php
declare (strict_types = 1);

namespace app\service;

use think\facade\Cache;
use think\facade\Config;
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer;
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\Exception;

class MailService
{
// 生成验证码
public function generateCode(string $email): string
{
$length = Config::get('mail.code.length', 6);
$code = '';
for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) {
$code .= mt_rand(0, 9);
}

$key = 'mail_code:' . $email;
$expire = Config::get('mail.code.expire', 300);

Cache::set($key, $code, $expire);

return $code;
}

// 验证验证码
public function verifyCode(string $email, string $code): bool
{
$key = 'mail_code:' . $email;
$cachedCode = Cache::get($key);

if (!$cachedCode || $cachedCode !== $code) {
return false;
}

// 验证通过后删除验证码
Cache::delete($key);
return true;
}

// 发送验证码邮件
public function sendCode(string $email, string $code): bool
{
$config = Config::get('mail.smtp');

$mail = new PHPMailer(true);

try {
// 服务器配置
$mail->isSMTP();
$mail->CharSet = 'UTF-8';
$mail->Host = $config['host'];
$mail->SMTPAuth = true;
$mail->Username = $config['username'];
$mail->Password = $config['password'];
$mail->SMTPSecure = $config['encryption'];
$mail->Port = $config['port'];

// 发件人
$mail->setFrom($config['username'], $config['from_name']);
// 收件人
$mail->addAddress($email);

// 邮件内容
$mail->isHTML(true);
$mail->Subject = '验证码邮件';

$content = $this->getEmailTemplate($code);
$mail->Body = $content;
$mail->AltBody = '您的验证码是：' . $code . '，有效期5分钟';

return $mail->send();
} catch (Exception $e) {
// 记录日志
\think\facade\Log::error('邮件发送失败：' . $mail->ErrorInfo);
return false;
}
}

// 获取邮件模板
protected function getEmailTemplate(string $code): string
{
return <<<HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>验证码邮件</title>
<style>
.container { max-width: 600px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; }
.code { font-size: 24px; color: #1890ff; font-weight: bold; }
.tip { color: #999; font-size: 14px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h2>邮箱验证码</h2>
<p>您好！</p>
<p>您的验证码是：<span class="code">{$code}</span></p>
<p class="tip">验证码有效期5分钟，请勿泄露给他人。</p>
<p>如果不是您本人操作，请忽略此邮件。</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
HTML;
}
}

四、创建控制器index/controller/Email.php  (具体位置可自定义)

<?php

namespace app\index\controller;

use library\Controller;
//use think\facade\Request;
//use think\db;
use emailService\MailService;
use think\facade\Validate;
//邮箱操作接口
class Email extends Controller
{
    // 发送验证码
    public function sendCode()
    {
        $email = $this->request->param('email');

        // 验证邮箱格式
        $validate = Validate::rule([
            'email' => 'require|email'
        ]);

        if (!$validate->check(['email' => $email])) {
            return json(['code' => 400, 'msg' => '邮箱格式错误']);
        }

        // 防刷验证
        $key = 'send_limit:' . $email;
        if (cache($key)) {
            return json(['code' => 400, 'msg' => '发送过于频繁，请稍后再试']);
        }

        $mailService = new MailService();

        // 生成验证码
        $code = $mailService->generateCode($email);

        // 发送邮件
        $result = $mailService->sendCode($email, $code);

        if ($result) {
            // 设置发送限制，60秒内只能发送一次
            cache($key, 1, 60);

            return json([
                'code' => 200,
                'msg' => '验证码发送成功',
                'data' => ['email' => $email]
            ]);
        }

        return json(['code' => 500, 'msg' => '验证码发送失败']);
    }

    // 验证验证码
    public function verifyCode()
    {
        $email = $this->request->param('email');
        $code = $this->request->param('code');

        $validate = Validate::rule([
            'email' => 'require|email',
            'code'  => 'require|length:6'
        ]);

        if (!$validate->check([
            'email' => $email,
            'code'  => $code
        ])) {
            return json(['code' => 400, 'msg' => '参数错误']);
        }

        $mailService = new MailService();
        $result = $mailService->verifyCode($email, $code);

        if ($result) {
            return json([
                'code' => 200,
                'msg' => '验证成功'
            ]);
        }

        return json(['code' => 400, 'msg' => '验证码错误或已过期']);
    }

}

五、使用postman等api测试工具或者前端请求这个发送邮件接口，提示发送成功，邮箱收到验证码即为配置成功。

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