1、当前路径下指定虚拟环境激活
a123456@zbMacBook-Pro demo % source /Users/a123456/pyenv/django_xb//bin/activate (django_xb) a123456@zbMacBook-Pro demo % pip list Package Version ------------------ ---------- asgiref 3.11.0 certifi 2025.11.12 cffi 2.0.0 charset-normalizer 3.4.4 cryptography 46.0.3 Django 3.2.16 idna 3.11 pip 25.3 pycparser 2.23 PyMySQL 1.0.2 pytz 2025.2 requests 2.32.5 setuptools 65.5.1 sqlparse 0.5.5 urllib3 2.6.2 wheel 0.38.4
2、执行 Django 项目创建命令，<project_name>替换为你的项目名称
django-admin startproject <project_name> (django_xb) a123456@zbMacBook-Pro demo % django-admin startproject django_xb
3、Django项目下，新建模块
python manage.py startapp tools
3.1 目录结构
tools/ ├── __init__.py # 标识该目录为Python包 ├── admin.py # 配置Django后台管理该app的模型 ├── apps.py # app的核心配置文件（包含app元数据） ├── migrations/ # 存储模型迁移文件（数据库同步相关） │ └── __init__.py ├── models.py # 定义app的数据模型（对应数据库表） ├── tests.py # 编写该app的单元测试用例 └── views.py # 编写该app的视图逻辑（处理请求、返回响应）
4、注册app+配置数据库链接，找到主项目目录下的setting.py文件
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = ['django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','tools'
]# Database
DATABASES = {'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql','NAME': 'django_demo',"USER": 'root',"PASSWORD": "123456","HOST": 'localhost', "PORT": 3306,"CHARSET": "UTF-8"},
}
注意：这时候启动项目有个坑，启动django项目的时候报错
# python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8080
Connected to pydev debugger (build 231.9011.38) Watching for file changes with StatReloader Traceback (most recent call last):File "/Users/a123456/pyenv/django_xb/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 15, in <module>import MySQLdb as Database ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MySQLdb' The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
解决方法：找到主项目下的初始化文件__init__.py
import pymysql # 让 Django 把 pymysql 当作 MySQLdb 来使用 pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
5、新模块定义数据模型 models.py
from django.db import models# Create your models here. class Emp(models.Model):id = models.CharField(max_length=50, primary_key=True, verbose_name="主键ID")name = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name="员工名称")age = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="年龄")class Meta:db_table = 'emp'verbose_name = "员工表"
5.1 生成迁移文件
# 生成迁移文件 python manage.py makemigrations # 指定模块生成迁移文件 python manage.py makemigrations tools # 执行迁移 python manage.py migrate
6、编写视图函数 views.py
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from django.views.decorators.http import require_GET
from .models import Emp@csrf_exempt
@require_GET
def emp_list(request):"""获取员工列表"""emps = Emp.objects.all().values()return JsonResponse({'code': 0,'msg': "员工列表",'data': list(emps)})
7、新模块下创建urls.py
from django.urls import path
from .views import emp_list
app_name = 'tools'
urlpatterns = [path('emp/list', emp_list, name="emp_list"),
]
8、将路由配置到主项目下的urls
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,includeurlpatterns = [path('admin/', admin.site.urls),path('tools/', include('tools.urls')),#新模块路由配置到这里
]
9、启动项目
(django_xb) a123456@zbMacBook-Pro django_zb % python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8080 Watching for file changes with StatReloader Performing system checks...System check identified no issues (0 silenced). December 31, 2025 - 06:52:22 Django version 3.2.16, using settings 'django_zb.settings' Starting development server at http://0.0.0.0:8080/ Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
10、接口访问
11、学习后总结，待补充