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Symfony学习笔记 - 利用Doctrine开发一个学生信息的增删查改

Symfony学习笔记 - 利用Doctrine开发一个学生信息的增删查改
📅 发布时间：2026/6/22 7:30:35

现在在学习Symfony，Doctrine作为官方重点推荐的数库库Bundle，必须要试试！

1、创建Symfony的Demo的Web应用

symfony new symfony_webapp --webapp
正确安装后，目录应该是这样的：
image
如果你的目录仅仅只有config和vendor目录，那就表明你没有安装完整。原因是symfony时，需要从https://packagist.org下载相应的包，包括Symfony新建应用的模板源码。由于 https://packagist.org限速或者封锁的原因，不能下载完整的包。这时候，你需要配置一下镜像：
composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/
然后，再执行一遍symfony的创建新应用命令。

2、启动Symfony官方开发的Web Server，根据提示，访问新应用的页面

Web Server的启动命令：
cd symfony_webapp symfony server:start
下图红框标记部分，就是启动的URL地址：
image

3、创建Student Entity和数据表

  1. 需要在.env中配置数据库连接，我用的MariaDB：
DATABASE_URL="mysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/symfony_webapp?serverVersion=10.1.34-MariaDB&charset=utf8mb4"
  1. 在项目目录下，命令行窗口，运行命令：
php bin/console make:entity

按照提示，输入表名、字段属性（字段名、类型、长度、是否允许为null等）。完了之后，会在src\Entity\目录下，创建实体类，比如Student、Teacher等。同时，还会在src\Repository\目录下，创建实体对应的数据存取类，比如StudentRepository，该类除了构造器之外，还有两个默认被注释的方法，findByExampleField、findOneBySomeField。

  1. 在命令行运行生成迁移文件:
php bin/console make:migration

在migrations目录下，会产生创建表的类文件类，文件名是Version+时间戳，比如Version20250911130132.php。

  1. 执行​​所有未应用的迁移，实际修改数据库结构
symfony console doctrine:migrations:migrate

执行完毕后，会在数据库中创建表。

4、实现新增学员

  1. 创建Student的Controller类
    php bin/console make:controller StudentController
    执行后，会创建src\Controller\StudentController.php，或者手工创建也是可以的。

  2. 在StudentController类中，新增/student/create路由及方法

#[Route('/student/create', name: 'student_create')]
public function createStudent(EntityManagerInterface $entityManager,Request $request): Response
{$student = new Student();$form = $this->createForm(StudentType::class, $student);$form->handleRequest($request);if ($form->isSubmitted()) {if ($form->isValid()) {$entityManager->persist($student);$entityManager->flush();$this->addFlash('success', 'Student created successfully.');return $this->redirectToRoute('student_list');}}return $this->render('student/edit.html.twig', ['form' => $form,]);
}
  1. 创建StudentType，该类是一个form
class StudentType extends AbstractType
{public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options){$builder->add('first_name', TextType::class)->add('last_name', TextType::class)->add('birthdate', DateType::class)->add('description', TextareaType::class)->add('save', SubmitType::class, ['label' => 'Create']);}
}
  1. edit.html.twig的代码如下：
{% extends 'base.html.twig' %}{% block body %}{{ form_start(form) }}<div class="row"><div class="col-md-6">{{ form_row(form.firstName) }}</div><div class="col-md-6">{{ form_row(form.lastName) }}</div></div><div class="row"><div class="col-md-6">{{ form_row(form.birthdate) }}</div></div><div class="row"><div class="col-md-12">{{ form_row(form.description) }}</div></div>{{ form_end(form) }}
{% endblock %}

按照上面4步，就可以完成一个学生的新增了，具体功能包括：

  • 新增
  • 保存数据
  • 保存时，验证数据的有效性验证
    image

5、实现学员列表查询

  1. 在StudentController中，定义路由和列表查询的方法
    #[Route('/students', name: 'student_list')]public function list(Request $request, EntityManagerInterface $em): Response{$initialData = ['firstName' => $request->query->get('firstName'),'lastName'  => $request->query->get('lastName'),'birthdate' => $request->query->get('birthdate') ?\DateTime::createFromFormat('Y-m-d', $request->query->get('birthdate')) : null];// 1. 创建查询表单$form = $this->createForm(StudentSearchType::class,$initialData);$form->handleRequest($request);// 2. 初始化查询构建器$repository = $em->getRepository(Student::class);$queryBuilder = $repository->createQueryBuilder('s');$searchData = $form->isSubmitted() ? $form->getData() : $request->query->all();// 3. 处理表单提交并构建查询条件if ($form->isSubmitted() && $form->isValid()) {return $this->redirectToRoute('student_list', ['firstName' => $form->get('firstName')->getData(),'lastName' => $form->get('lastName')->getData(),'birthdate' => $form->get('birthdate')->getData()?->format('Y-m-d'),]);}if (!empty($searchData['firstName'])) {$queryBuilder->andWhere('s.firstName LIKE :firstName')->setParameter('firstName', '%' . $searchData['firstName'] . '%');}if (!empty($searchData['lastName'])) {$queryBuilder->andWhere('s.lastName LIKE :lastName')->setParameter('lastName', '%' . $searchData['lastName'] . '%');}if (!empty($searchData['birthdate'])) {$queryBuilder->andWhere('s.birthdate = :birthdate')->setParameter('birthdate', $searchData['birthdate']);}// 4. 执行查询$query = $queryBuilder->getQuery();$students = $query->getResult();// 5. 渲染模板return $this->render('student/list.html.twig', ['form' => $form->createView(),'students' => $students,]);}

2、定义StudentSearchType，这个是列表上方的查询条件

class StudentSearchType extends AbstractType
{public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options){$builder->add('firstName', TextType::class, ['label' => 'First Name','required' => false,])->add('lastName', TextType::class, ['label' => 'Last Name','required' => false,])->add('birthdate', DateType::class, ['label' => 'Birth Date','required' => false,'widget' => 'single_text',])->add('search', SubmitType::class, ['label' => 'Search','attr' => ['class' => 'btn btn-primary'],]);;}
}
  1. 实现list.html.twig，实现列表中，查询条件和数据行的展示：
{% extends 'base.html.twig' %}{% block title %}Student List{% endblock %}{% block body %}
<div class="container mt-4"><h1>Student Search</h1>{# 查询表单 #}
{#    {{ form_start(form, { attr: { 'data-turbo': 'false' } }) }}#}{{ form_start(form) }}<div class="row"><div class="col-md-3">{{ form_row(form.firstName) }}</div><div class="col-md-3">{{ form_row(form.lastName) }}</div><div class="col-md-3">{{ form_row(form.birthdate) }}</div><div class="col-md-3 align-self-end">{{ form_row(form.search) }}<a href="{{ path('student_create') }}"class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-primary"><i class="fas fa-edit"></i> create</a></div></div>{{ form_end(form) }}{# 查询结果列表 #}<table class="table table-striped mt-4"><thead><tr><th>First Name</th><th>Last Name</th><th>Birth Date</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody>{% for student in students %}<tr><td>{{ student.firstName }}</td><td>{{ student.lastName }}</td><td>{{ student.birthdate ? student.birthdate|date('Y-m-d') : '' }}</td><td>{{ student.description }}</td><td>{# 编辑按钮 - 链接到编辑路由 #}<a href="{{ path('student_edit', {id: student.id}) }}"class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-primary"><i class="fas fa-edit"></i> Edit</a>{# 删除按钮 - 使用表单提交防止CSRF #}<form method="post"action="{{ path('student_delete', {id: student.id}) }}"style="display: inline-block;"onsubmit="return confirm('Are you sure to delete this student?');"><input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE"><input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token('delete' ~ student.id) }}"><button type="submit" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-danger"><i class="fas fa-trash"></i> Delete</button></form></td></tr>{% else %}<tr><td colspan="4">No records found</td></tr>{% endfor %}</tbody></table>
</div>
{% endblock %}

列表页面，实现的功能有：

  1. 按条件查询学员，并分行展示
  2. 新增学员、编辑学员、删除学员的入口
    image

6、编辑学员

在列表中，定义了编辑学员的入口，现在只需要在StudentController中，定义路由并实现编辑的方法：

    #[Route('/student/{id}', name: 'student_edit')]public function edit(EntityManagerInterface $entityManager, StudentRepository $repository,Request $request, Student $student): Response{if (!$student) {throw $this->createNotFoundException('No student found for id '.$student->getId());}$form = $this->createForm(StudentType::class, $student);$form->handleRequest($request);if ($form->isSubmitted()) {if ($form->isValid()) {$entityManager->persist($student);$entityManager->flush();$this->addFlash('success', 'Student created successfully.');return $this->redirectToRoute('student_list');}}return $this->render('student/edit.html.twig', ['form' => $form,]);}

由于编辑页面与新增页面一样，因此，继续复用edit.html.twig
image

7. 删除学员

在列表中，定义了编辑学员的入口，现在只需要在StudentController中，定义路由并实现删除的方法：

    #[Route('/students/{id}', name: 'student_delete',methods: ['DELETE'])]public function delete(EntityManagerInterface $entityManager, StudentRepository $repository, Student $student): Response{if (!$student) {throw $this->createNotFoundException('No student found for id '.$student->getId());}$entityManager->remove($student);$entityManager->flush();return $this->redirectToRoute('student_list');}

这样，一个简单的学员管理的增、删、查、改就完成了。